1. What is Cantilever Wall Deflection?

Cantilever retaining wall deflection refers to the horizontal displacement at the top of the wall caused by soil pressure. It's a critical factor in structural design to ensure wall stability and serviceability.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the deflection formula:

Where:

• \( \delta_h \) — Horizontal deflection (m)
• \( \gamma \) — Soil unit weight (N/m³)
• \( H \) — Wall height (m)
• \( E \) — Modulus of elasticity (Pa)
• \( I \) — Moment of inertia (m⁴)

Explanation: This formula calculates the maximum horizontal deflection at the top of a cantilever retaining wall under uniform soil pressure.

3. Importance of Deflection Calculation

Details: Calculating deflection is essential for ensuring structural integrity, preventing excessive movement that could lead to wall failure, and meeting serviceability requirements in design codes.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all values in consistent SI units. Soil unit weight typically ranges from 16-22 kN/m³. Modulus of elasticity and moment of inertia depend on wall material and cross-section.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is typical deflection limit for retaining walls?
A: Most codes limit deflection to H/200 to H/500 of wall height, depending on wall type and soil conditions.

Q2: Does this formula account for surcharge loads?
A: No, this is the basic formula for uniform soil pressure. Additional calculations are needed for surcharge or other loads.

Q3: How does wall material affect deflection?
A: Materials with higher modulus of elasticity (like concrete vs steel) will have less deflection for the same cross-section.

Q4: When is this formula not applicable?
A: This simplified formula may not be accurate for very tall walls, walls with complex loading, or when soil-structure interaction is significant.

Q5: How can deflection be reduced?
A: Increasing wall thickness, using stronger materials, adding counterforts, or using soil reinforcement can reduce deflection.